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Muslim Men and Women’s Perception of Discrimination, Hate Crimes, and PTSD Symptoms Post 9/11

Adelphi University, Garden City, New York, waburas{at}optonline.net

Zulema E. Suarez

Adelphi University, Garden City, New York

This study examined the relationship between race-based stress (racial harassment and discrimination) and PTSD in a sample of 102 New York Muslim men and women post-9/11 while controlling for gender. Bivariate, univariate, and stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results of the study show that "feeling less safe" after the events of 9/11 emerged as the only significant predictor of PTSD (F = 10.32; p < .05). Gender discrepancies indicated that men and women differed in symptom expression and reactions. Whereas men were more likely to experience racial harassment, women were more likely to express fear of being in public places. Potential explanations, study limitations and implications are suggested.

Key Words: Muslim-Americans • racial harassment • Hate Crimes • discrimination • PTSD • gender • Events of 9/11

This version was published on September 1, 2009

Traumatology, Vol. 15, No. 3, 48-63 (2009)
DOI: 10.1177/1534765609342281


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