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Measuring Cumulative Trauma Dose, Types, and Profiles Using a Development-Based Taxonomy of Traumas

Center for Torture and Trauma Survivors, DeKalb County Board of Health, Decatur, Georgia, iakira{at}dhr.state.ga.us

Linda Lewandowski

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Thomas Templin

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Vidya Ramaswamy

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Bulent Ozkan

Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Jamal Mohanesh

ACCESS Community Mental Health and Research Center, and Center for Cumulative Trauma Studies, Dearborn, Michigan

This study presents a new short scale for measuring cumulative trauma dose, types, and profiles that is based on the APA (American Psychological Association) trauma Group (currently division 56) definition of trauma and a new, two-way development-based taxonomy of trauma. The new measure was tested using a sample of 501 Iraqi refugees who are one of the most traumatized groups. The following six salient factors were found: collective identity, family, personal identity, interdependence or secondary, man-made or nature-made survival, and abandonment types of traumas. The study provided evidence of adequate reliability; construct, convergent, divergent and predictive validity of the new scale and provided partial confirmation of the validity of the development-based taxonomy of traumas. A new method was introduced to measure trauma types and profiles and their differential association with different symptom configurations and health disorders. The newly developed measure can be used in clinical trauma-informed settings and in research.

Key Words: cumulative trauma • trauma dose • trauma types • trauma profiles • taxonomy • trauma measurement

This version was published on June 1, 2008

Traumatology, Vol. 14, No. 2, 62-87 (2008)
DOI: 10.1177/1534765608319324


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