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Traumatology
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Stockholm Effects and Psychological Responses to Captivity in Hostages Held by Suicide Terrorists

Anne Speckhard

Georgetown University Medical Center, Vesalius College, Free University of Brussels, Advances in Health, Aspeckhard{at}brutele.be, Speckhard1{at}aol.com

Nadejda Tarabrina

Traumatic Stress Disorder Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Russian Academy of Sciences

Valery Krasnov

Moscow Research Institute of Psychiatry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Natalia Mufel

Belarusian State University

October 2002, 800 plus hostages were held for three days in a Moscow theater by suicide terrorists armed with bombs. The stand-off ended when Russian Special Forces gassed and stormed the theater. One hundred thirty of the hostages died. The authors - an American psychologist and colleagues from the Russian Academy of Sciences - began to collaborate soon after the event. This article reports on interviews with eleven hostages regarding their psychological responses to captivity including their expressions of Stockholm syndrome.

Key Words: suicide terrorist • Stockholm Syndrome • hostages • hostage-taking • terrorism

Traumatology, Vol. 11, No. 2, 121-140 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/153476560501100206
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